Double pile fabric loom



(No Model.) I 8 Sheets-Sheet l.

W. H. BAIRSTOW.

DOUBLE PIL-B FABRIC LOOM. No. 395,472. Patented Jan. l, 1889.

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(No Model.) y8 Sheets-Sheet 2.

. W. H. BAIRSTOW.

DOUBLE PILL FABRIC LOOM.

NO. 395,472'. Patented Jan. l, 1889.

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DOUBLL` PILL FABRIC LOOM. No. 395,472. Patented Jan. l, 1889.

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(No Model.) v 8 Sheets-Sheet 4.

W. H. BAIRSTOW.

DOUBLE PILE FABRIC LOOM.

No. 395,472. Patented Jan. l, 1889.

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(No Model.) 8 Sheets-Sheet 5.

W. H. BAIRSTOW.

- DOUBLE PILE FABRIC LOOM.

No. 395,472. PatentedJan. l, 1889.

(No Model.)

` 8 Sheets-Sheet 6. W. H. BAIRSTOW.

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(No Model.) 8 Sheets-Sheet -'I.

W. H. BAIRSTOW.

DOUBLE PILE FABRIC LOOM.

No. 395,472. Patented Jan. l, 1889l lll III WITNESSES IN VEN TOR (No Model.) I 8 Sheets-#Sheet 8.-

W. H. BAIRSI-'0W.

DOUBLE AJPIIJPABRIG LOOM. l No. 395,472.V Patented Jan. vl, 1889.

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INVENTOR. Wm--Larsirw Freres Peri-nvr trice.

WILLIAM IIFNRY BAIRQ'FOlV, OF KIDDERMINSTER, COUNTI.T OF IVORCESIER, ENGLAND.

DOUBLEPILE-FABRIC LOOll/l.

SPECEFICATN forming part of Letters Patent No. 395,472, dated January 1, 1889. Application filed December 2, 1886. Serial No. 220,615. (No model.) Patented in Ilngland January 14, 1886, No. 619.

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, IXf'ILLIAM HENRY BAIR- STOW, a subject of the Queen of Great Britain and Ireland, and a resident of Kidder- 5 minster, County of Torce/ster, England, but

at present residing` at Barmen, Rhenish Prussia, Germany, have invented an Improvement in Double-Pile-Fabric Looms, (for which I have obtained British Patent No. 619, dated ro .I anuary la, 1896,) of which the following` is a specification.

My invention consists of an :improvement in the construction of looms for weaving double pile fabrics, wherein a double fabric I5 is produced with the ornamental orV body threads between and joining the two fabrics or backings, the two fabrics thus produced being afterward cut or divided by severing the portions of the ornamental or body 2o threads which extend between the two fabrics or backing-s. By this means two fabrics are produced upon the loom at the same time, each with a cut or velvet pile-face. In the weaving the body-threads are shed both from 2 5 below and from above-that is, from one of the fabrics or backing-s to the other-one-half of the ornamental or body threads being normally in one fabric and one-half in the other My invention consists in so constructing 3 o the loom that the warp-threads will be retained at each operation. of the jacquard until they are bound by the shuttle-threads above and below, and so prevent the weights on the bobbins of the warp-threads from drawing the 3 5 two fabrics together, and thus permitting pilewires or other equivalents to be dispensed with, as hereinafter more fully described.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure lis a diagrammatic section of part of a loom,

4o showing my improvements. Fig. Qis a front view of part of a loom with the warps, taking-u p rollers, and part of thejacqnard omitted. Fig. Sis a section of the main part of the loom. Fig. a is a sectional diagram correspondingin 4 5 part with Fig. l, but showing' the warp-clamps and their controlling devices.V Fig. 5 is avertical section, drawn to an enlarged scale, of part of the Jacquard mechanism. Fig. 6 is a front view illustrating in part the clamping Fig. 7 is an enlarged sectional view,

5o devices.

and Fig. 8 a correspondingplan, of part of the divided middle boards of the jacquard. Fig. 9 is a front elevation of a portion of the loom, illustratingl the action of the stop-motion. Figs l0, ll, and l2 are views of cams which 55 may be substituted for those shown in Fig. l when a different form of fabric is to be woven. Figs. 13 and liare diagrammatic sectional views of two forms of double pile fabric which may be produced by my invention. 6o

A A', Figs. l. and 3, are the taking-up rollers, upon which the two fabrics are wound as they are formed and after being severed by any suitable cutting mechanism at K. The taking-up rollers and the cutting devices 65 may be operated by any suitable or wellknown means, which I h. ve not thought necessary to illustrate, as they form no part of my present invention.

M is the lay mounted on the lay-shaft c, and 7o having the necessary motion imparted to it by any usual means. The lay is provided with two sets of shuttle-boxes, N N', the two shuttles being picked at the same time by one stick in the usual way.

In Figs. 3 and 4, g represents the shuttlerace for the top shuttle. It is composed of a number of thin strips, g', of steel, bent to the required form shown, and arranged side by side at intervalsof three or four inches, and 8o supported at their inner ends on a transverse bar or angle-iron, 7L, secured to the frame of the loom, and at their opposing ends entering between the cloth-plates m, wher-e they remain loose, but are held in position by the 85 yarn or threads, which pass from one fabric to the other. These strips g pass through or between the several gears or healds t', harness le, and the dents of the reed Z, Fig. 4. The gears or healds z' are each provided with two eyes, 9o one for the top chain, n, and one for the bottom chain, 0. l

The comber-board 5, through which the harness cords or wires k pass, is connected by bars or rods e e', Figs. l and 2, to the levers 95 d d', centered at f to the frame of the loom, and raised by means of the cams X X acting on the said levers CZ d. The cams are lined to the toothed wheels g5, Fig. 2, mounted loosely upon the shaft g/G, on which shaftnis Ico starre keyed a pinion, yi, in gear with a correspond ing wheel, z, fast upon a counter-shaft, y2. On the latter are keyed two wheels, if; and yt, in gear with the wheels y, which carry the cams.

The boards 1 2 3 4, for operating and 'controlling the harness, are divided into corresponding pairs, one pair above the other. Of the upper pair the board 2 is fixed to the Jacquard frame, Figs. l, 2, and 5, while the board 1 is carried by arms 13 on a cross-shaft, 14, which has an arm, 15, connected by a rod, 16, to the lever Z at the lower part of the loom. This lever Z is acted on by a cani, Y, Fig. 1, on the shaft y/ Of the lower pair of boards, which are termed the middle boards, the one, 4, which is below the upper movable board, 1, is xed, while the board .5, which is below the upper fixed board, 2, is movable. This board 3 is carried by rods 7 8 on levers or arms 6, Figs. 1, 2, and 5, mounted on the cross-sha^ft17, which has an arm, 1S, Fig. 1, connected by a rod, 19, to a lever, Z. This lever is acted upon by the cam vY on the shaft jz/G. The middle boards 3 and 4 are provided with holes and slots, through which the harness-cords pass, the slots in one board being arranged in the reverse direction from those in the other board, as shown in Figs. '7 and S.

One-half of the harn ess-cords are secured to one of the upper boards, 1, and one-half to the other board, 2. The cords of the board 1 have only one set of knots over the board 4, and pass through the c0mberb0ard 5 without knots, so that when the needles 20, Fig'. 1., of the jacquard push the cords .required to form the pattern the knots of the cords acted on pass through the holes in the board 4, while those unacted on by the needles are caught in the slots. The Jacquard cylinder 21 and the needles may be operated by any wellknown mechanism, which l have not illustrated, as it forms no part ot my invention.

The harness-cords, which arc suspended from the fixed board Q, have knots over the comber-board 5, as well as over the .movable middle board, il, Fig. l. Thus the cords which are pushed by the Jacquard needles 20, Fig. 1, into the slots oiI the board S, Fig. S, so that the knots are caught as the board rises, are raised in the usual way to lil't the warps from the bottom fabric to be bound in the top fabric. The said cords, having also knots immediately over the comber-board 5, are raised and lowered in the usual way for back and face shots.

The warp-yarns for 'forming the pattern or design are wound upon bobbins mounted in frames, as is usual in looms for weaving Brussels carpets or velvet pile, a separate frame being provided .for each color. Each bobbin is governed, as usual, by a weight of its own, which always maintains the yarn taut, so that when the warps are raised or lowered by the jacquard to l'orm the pattern they are afterward brought back or the slack taken up by the weight, when the jacquard makes its le turn motion. l provide a clamp, R, to hold the said warp-threads (while raised from the bottom fabric and lowered from the top fabric to t'orm the pattern) until such threads are bound above and below by the weftthreads. By this means l prevent the weight on. the bobbins 'from drawing thev two fabrics together, and also insure a t'ull open shed when the warps are at their highesty and lowest positions, so that the upper and lower sh uttles can be thrown simultaneously. This clamp, as shown in liligs. 1, S, and G, consists oi' sets ol transverse bars 1' and t, there being by preference three bars to a set-an upper bar, t, and two lower bars, o'. The lower warps pass between the upper and lower bars of one set and the upper warps between the bars of the other set. In the construction shown the four lower bars, r, of the two sets are carried by a pair ol upright levers, q, mounted on studs b on the lframe. The upper bars, t, pass through the vertical slots uy in the levers q, and are carried by ui'rright vrods 5c, which are controlled by arm u" 1c2 on a cross-shaft, u', these arms 1r beingacted on by the cani fr to raise or lower the upper clamping-bars. The cam t* is driven by the pinion t', fixed on the shaft ',1/6 and gearing with the wheel z. The bars t and one of the bars of each pair fr are covered with cloth to prevent slipping of the threads, which are to be clamped between them.'

In Figs. 3 and 4 the clamp is shown in its closed position and the harness is shown in the position tohave back. shots thrown in both cloths.

The following description will explain more fully the operation of the loom and the production thereon oll the fabrics, of which sectional diagrams are shown in Figs. '1.3 and 14.

The parts being lin t-he positions shown in Fig. 1-that is, the top board in its highest position and the boards and 5 in their lowest positions-the weft-shots 9 il, Fig. 13, are thrown in by the shuttles in the ordinary manner, and then the said boards 1, 3, and 5, being acted upon by cams Y Y X, respectively, are caused to change their positions, the board 1 descending to its lowest position and the boards 3 and 5 being elevated. By these motions the harness-cords k, attached to the board 1 and carryingvthe warp-threads required to form the pattern, bring the said threads from their elevated position (shown in Fig. 1) to their lowest position, (shown in Figs. 3 and 4,) the knots on the said harness-cords passing through the holes in board 4, while the knots in the harness-cords carrying the warp-threads not required to form the pattern in the fabric engage the slots in the board 4, so that the said threads descend only to the center or in a line with the cloth-plates in ym, as shown in Figs. 3 and 4. In like manner, as the boards 3 and 5 rise, the knots in the liarness-cords carrying the warp-threads not required to 'lorin the pattern in the fabric en- IOO .TIO

gage the slots in the oomber-board 5, and are thereby raised to the Center position only, while the yarn-threads required to 'forni the pattern are raised by the board 3 to the required position, as shown in Figs. S and 4. 'lhe wett-shots l() l() are now thrownin by the shuttles, atterwhieh the boards l, 3, and 5 are returned to their former positions, (shown in Fig'. 1,) and then the weft-shots Yll lll are thrown in by the shuttles. During the motions thus far deseribed the positions ot' the heddles i have remained unaltered 5 but after the weft-shots il l ll have all been thrown in the said heddles Change their positions to those shown by the dotted lines in. Fig'. 2l, thereby binding the ehains or g'round-warps ln 'n round the shots oli' wet't t) l) 110 l0 ll l'l, as shown. in Fig'. l), which have in the imeantime been beaten up by 'the lay in the usual manner. The boards l, 3, and 5 reinain in the position shown in Fig'. fl until the shots ol' the wett l2 l) (which are repeats of the shots 0 Si) are thrown in, after which the various motions hereinbefore deseribed are repeated until the desired length oli' tabrie is completed.

To produee the double Atabrie illustrated by Fig'. li, the eams y y 41'., Figs. l0, Ill, and l2, are substitut-ed for those shown in Figs. l and 2, and filling or stuffing threads n', Fig' 14, worked by a separate set of heddles, are employed, but which are omitted from the drawings to prevent unnecessary complication. The boards l, 3, and 5 being in the positions shown in Fig. l, the shots 9 9, Fig. 1l, are thrown in by the shuttles, after which the positions of the boards are changed by the eams y y 1r, the board l being lowered and the boards 3 and 5 raised and the filling'- ihreads n n beine' in their highest and lowest positions. ,Vith the parts in the positions (hiseribed. the wett-shots l() llo are thrown in by theshuttles, at'ter whieh the boardl is raised by the eam y about haltway and the board I5 is hiwered by the eam y', eausingj the knots in the harness-cords which earry the warp-threads not required in the pattern to en n'ag'e the slots in the eomberboard 5, while at the same time the tillinn' ol.' stu iter threads n n are also brought to the eenter by the heddles `which operate them. The weft-shots loi" flo" are then thrown in by 'the shuttles, alterwhifj-h the board l is raised to its highest position and the eomber-I)oard lowered, and then the wett-shots Yl il ll are thrown in. The heddles fi then change their positions, causing' the ehains n yn to bind the wett-tln'eads 9i) i010 VloX 10X 'll il, at'ter whieh the \\'et'lshois l2 l2 (whieh are repeats ot' the shots il it) are thrown in, and the various motions hereinbelore described are repeatel'l until the required lenn'th ol l'abrie is emnpheted.

lt will be umlerslood that the elamp must not elose bet'oro the warps l'or forming' the ligure have been raised and lowereall from the bottom and top cloths, respeetively, to their required points', but then the clamp is closed, and during` the return movement of the harness the iigu re-threads have no power to draw the cloths together, since they are so'held tast by the elamp that the weights on the said threads are. prevented. l'rom d rtwing' them baek.

\Vhen the shots have been beaten up by the lay, the elamp is released, and if there be any surplus slaekness in the patterri-threads it is immediately taken up by the weights on their bobbins. The threads by this time being' returned to their original positions, the inside shots are thrown after two beats of the lay, the heddles ri having` changed after the first inside shot was thrown.

When. weaving' the iabrie Fin. i123, the eomber-board is raised only once for every three' shots. When weaving' the fabric Fig. 11,4, the eomber-board is raised onee for every tour shots, and in plaee ot'` the cams X Cams .1', Fig'. l0, are employed, which will eause'the eombenboard to remain elevated while two shots are thrown.

Figs. and 9 illust rate the mechanism t'or stopping' the loom when the shuttles fail to enter their boxes. O O are dag'g'ers or fingers, (one for each shuttle,) and l is a notched piece fitted to slide on the bloeit. P, bolted to the frame of the loom.

It either of the shuttles .t'ails in its throw, the upper end ot the fingers O or O" (as the ease may be) is .left free to enter the box, so that its lower end will, as the lay moves forward, engage with a noteh. on the pieee P', Causing' it to slide into Contact with the lever O2, secured to the shaft O5, Figs. 3l and 9, which shaft is thereby turned in its bearings, so as to Cause a lever, O3, on the end thereot' to move the, starting' and stoppin g lever 0", to efleet the stoppage oli' the loom.

The eonstrnetionsot? fabriel'lerein set l'orth form the subjeet of an applieat-ion for patent tiled by me November 22, i387, -Serial No. 255,895.

l elaim as my inventitml. The wmbination ot' the lay and harness ol? a doul le-pile-.tabrie loom7 operatin meehanism l'or the harness, and deviees for operatin the grouiul-warps, with Clamps to retain the pile warps z eaeh operation ot' the harness to prevent their weights from drawing' ICD IIO

the cloths together, all substantially as dei seribed.

2. The eombinathm ol' the harness, operating meehanism tor the harness, and deviees vt'or operatingA the ground-warps, with the upper shuttle-mee, a lay having' two shuttles, and elamps to retain the pile-warp threfnls at eaeh olwration olf the harness lo prevent their weights t'rom drawing' the elolhs together, all substantially as set li'orth.

f3. The combination ol' the lay and harness ot' a donble-pile-fabrie loom, operating' meehanism ll'or the harness, and devices :for operating the ground-warps, with upper and lower sets of olzunpingbars to retain the pile-warp to this speoeaton n the presence of two subthreacls of the upper and lower fabrics at each serbing Witnesses.

movement of the harness To prevent the ,7 i T f s f T Weights of the said Warp-threads from drLW- u ILLAM HEB RX IDAIRS FO 5 ingthe cloths together, and devcessubstmrfitnessesz tally as LlesCrbecL-'for operating the elamp- EDWD. GEO. DAVIES, ing-bars, all substantially as set forth. CHAS. JAS. JONES,

In testimony wllereofllmve signed nlynmne l gofhofl LfifncolfnsLLf'LFeZds, London, W C. 

